The woodgather, negative effects of oxalic acid evident only with trickling. Less brood has in spring, probably due to the effected workers (winter bees) being more involved in self grooming and less in looking after brood. They also lead shorter lives so fewer bees to rear brood and forage.
I noticed an increase in the average number of frames of brood in May after I switched to vaping. Hassan Al Toufailia at LASI also reported similar findings in his PhD research.